Consumers Motivation and Satisfaction of Luxury Hotel in China

Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids

Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids Flammable liquids ignite easily. They are bound to catch fire when exposed to the slightest form of an igniting agent. A liquid is considered flammable if its flashpoint is above 100.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although combustible liquids have an estimated flash point of 40, they are capable of catching fire. The ignition of a flammable or combustible fluid could cause a catastrophic fire. It is significantly important to prevent such fluids in tanks from catching fire. The solution to protecting these fluids from igniting is designing appropriate storage facilities. The major storage facilities for flammable liquids are tanks (Long 55). The design and installation of flammable fluids storage tanks is specifically meant to avert the fluids’ possibility of catching fire. In the US, the flammable and combustible liquids act was p assed in 1988. There exists two major forms of storage. These are the underground storage tanks and floating roof tanks. It has been noted that during incidences such as spills and overfills, a lot of unwanted and sometimes harmful content is released into the environment. In the past, many USTs were made of corrosive metals. Because of corrosion over time, several incidences of leakage occurred. Consequently, the government found it necessary to establish laws that would mitigate these challenges especially regarding underground spillage. The law mandated underground storage tanks’ owners to upgrade their storage tanks. In this regard, owners were required to replace their faulty corrosive tanks with non-corrosive tanks. The other form of flammable liquids storage is the floating roof tanks. These tanks satisfactorily handle the volatile and less dense liquids. In this regard, such tanks’ owners and operators must handle combustible and flammable liquids safely to pre vent environmental hazards. The observance of these measures helps to prevent the dire consequences of such liquids’ ignition.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The floating roof tank is one of the main designs used for storage of flammable liquids. A specific floating roof tank has a special design and special installation procedures that cater for the safety of the stored liquids. For a tank to store a certain flammable liquid safely, the liquid is pressurized to the rating of the tank and as per the nature of the fluid. Furthermore, some special tanks are needed to store cryogenic liquids. A floating roof tank has a covering that is not fixed. In addition, since the tank cannot withstand much pressure, it has a conical or flat roof. The tank has a vent on top of the lid. The vent functions as an air outlet when the tank is filling to prevent the increasing pressure from lifting the lid off. Moreover, the vent is used for emergency purposes to keep the pressure constant in case of a rapid increase, which could damage the tank. A rapid increase in pressure may occur due the rise in temperature as in the case of an accidental fire. The liquids stored in a floating roof tank should have low volatile tendency to prevent gradual loss (Myers 104). Floating roof tanks do not have an airtight design that can hold back vapour in case of rapid evaporation. The vent used to release pressure during the filling process acts as a fireguard. It arrests the flame before it is sucked into the tank. The vent should be designed in such a way that it is not obstructed in times of an emergency. The vapour pressure in a floating roof tank is measured at the top of the tank where there is vapour space. This measure helps to avoid the inclusion of the liquid pressure when the measurement is taken at the bottom. Floating roof tanks are used to store liquids with high flash points to minimise their chances of igniting when there is an igniting agent in close proximity. Once ignited, the liquids could provide a lethal incendiary for a fire. Lubricating oil, among other petroleum products, is an example of the liquids that could be stored in a floating roof tank.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the roof of the tank is rigid, the liquid stored should have a significantly high flash point. Furthermore, the liquid should have low volatility so that the vapour concentration remains below the ignition level. If the tank is exposed to extremely high temperatures, the liquid vaporises quickly and the pressure inside the tank rises rapidly. In case the vent designed for releasing the pressure fails, the resulting tension in the tank may cause an explosion. Such an explosion will damage the tank and spill out t he stored liquid, which may accelerate the fire further. In some other instances, an improperly fixed lid may expose the stored fluid to the danger of catching fire. In addition, the stored liquid could spill out and ignite a fire in close proximity. If a flame manages to ignite the fluid in the tank with the lid still in place, the tank may explode. Another precautionary measure observed when manufacturing tanks with fixed roofs is the deliberate alteration of the tanks roofs’ strength (Myers 254). A tank is constructed with a roof of medium strength and a seam that can be easily broken between the roof and vertical walls. This loosely bonded seam will unfold with the application of a sudden immense pressure such as the one that occurs on heating of the tank by a fire. In this regard, when the roof’s seam breaks during a fire, the pressure inside the tank cannot increase beyond the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the content of the tank remains intact and free form ignition if the heating effect acts from below. Since the contents of the tank do not splash during an explosion, the chances of extensive fire damage are minimised. The design of floating roof tanks does not involve any kind of a float chamber to cut out the liquid supply during the tank’s filling. In this regard, the tank has a plastic or rubber rim around the roof, which acts as a washer to prevent the liquid from overflowing through the rim onto the upper side of the tank’s lid.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most common fire accident in a floating roof tank is the lighting up of the roof rim, which is often smeared with the overflowing content of the tank. Vertical tanks are used to store less inflammable liquids such as naphtha while horizontal tanks are used for the storage of highly flammable liquids such as motor gas. These tanks are designed to hold liquids at low pressure. Thus, they are used for highly volatile gases. The design of a tank without a weak roof that can be blown away to release pressure makes the bottom of the tank vulnerable to pressure. The failure of the bottom seam may lead to a reaction that can cause the tank to be tossed away from the fire scene and cause fire elsewhere. Tanks situated above the ground are vulnerable to collapse since an intense fire may compromise the integrity of their stilts, which are made of steel. In this regard, the most appropriate measure is to install the tanks in an underground vault and covering it. For a tank installed in an underground location, corrosion of the tank’s material is inevitable. The tank can be protected through electrical means by attaching a charged cathode for deionisation purposes. In addition, a tank installed in an underground location is vulnerable to the accumulation of vapours. In this regard, some form of aeration is necessary in order to contain the contamination of the stored liquid by condensed water. Asphalt can be used for the construction of tanks because its flash point is above the ignition point of most of flammable materials. However, some asphalt tanks are reported to have ignited at temperatures significantly below asphalt’s flash point. This has been attributed to the combined effects of the asphalt material and the flammable liquid in the tank. In addition, the fireproof design of a floating roof tank may fail when an electrostatic charge triggers the ignition of the liquids stored in the tank. The electrostatic charge is generated during the tankâ₠¬â„¢s cleaning or when the process of filing the tank is not executed in an appropriate manner. Therefore, to avoid the electrostatic charges, proper installation is critical so that the charges do not cause an ignition. Nevertheless, the flashpoint could be analysed to determine the compatibility with the tank used for storage. The adoption of appropriate measures ensures that the storage of combustible and flammable liquids is handled properly with regard to the floating tank facilities. On this note, environmental hazards that result from spillage or ignition can be avoided. Another significant method of storage of combustible and flammable liquid is the use of Underground storage tanks (USTs). USTs have a combination of connected pipes and are occasionally designed to occupy 10% of their size. Contrary to the common notion, USTs do not include other small volume tanks used in the farms for fuel storage. USTs are utilized by numerous businesses. These tanks are usually used for t he storage of petroleum related products and other flammable substances like oxygen and hydrogen. Due to the explosive nature of the substances stored in these tanks, it is significantly important to observe their proper and standardized ways of installation and maintenance. Similarly, when transferring the content stored in these tanks, the appropriate precautionary mechanism should be employed to limit spillage. This ensures the safety of the operations (Long 224). In this regard, safety rules and storage tanks regulations have been developed to enhance secure storage and usage practices leading to economical and environmental benefits. During installation, several measures should be observed because the effective use of USTs relies heavily on their installation procedures. There are two methods of installation. These are existing new installation and new installation. An existing new installation entails the upgrading of earlier installations to ensure that the existing container s are in safe conditions and easy to monitor. Through these practices, tanks are upgraded enhancing corrosion protection, leak prevention and overfill detection. During the upgrading process, the internal section of the tank is inspected to ensure that it is mechanically sound and free of leak holes. If a period of ten years has passed since the tank’s initial installation, the tank should be monitored on a monthly basis. The presence of leakage holes in the tank can be established by using two procedures. The initial test is done before the lining of cathode elements while the second test is done five months afterwards. After the tests, the tank may be upgraded by combining two installation procedures of internal lining and cathode guarding. For a new installation, the owner should inform the local authorities 30 days prior the date of the installation. This enables the review of the owner’s installation plans to ascertain their validity and counterchecked if they com ply with the standards of the installation procedure. In the proposal, the owner should provide details regarding the sites electricity or telecommunication lines, security, neighbouring buildings and water bodies such as wells in the vicinity. Afterwards an approval may be offered to the owner if he or she complies with the regulation standards. USTs experts are then sent to the installation site for inspection purposes before the certificate of approval is awarded (Metelski 256). During installation, the owner is expected to obtain an insurance cover. Similarly, well-trained technicians should be employed to perform the installation. All the tanks and pipes should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. In several countries, the standards of removal and disposal of USTs have been developed. Usually, the law requires all USTs owners to replace the tanks within a period of 10 years. In this undertaking, they are encouraged to use fibreglass tanks due to their ability to withstand corrosion. Similarly, modern tanks have been reinforced with double fibreglass walls significantly reducing the issue of leaks in tanks. The tank replacement process demands the replacement of old pipes with new ones, which are stronger. The new pipes have been reinforced with an additional double wall from a mixture of glass and plastic materials. During installation, tanks’ control systems are included to monitor and sense leaks. These measures are meant to observe and automatically report any leakages. Due to the numerous demands from regulators and environmentalist, many owners of USTs have resorted to other methods of storage like above-the-ground tanks to reduce costs and for monitoring purposes. However, some states do not permit this form of storage. In the U.S the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) policies regarding USTs have been very strict. As a result, numerous achievements have been realized. More than half of the tanks ’ owners have complied with the policies of upgrading their tanks and some have replaced theirs completely. Despite these dramatic changes, some leakage incidences from fuel tanks are still being reported. To countercheck such occurrences, the US government through the EPA has provided resources for cleanup and prevention programs. These resources are provided to tribes, territories and local authorities to aid them in implementing their clean up and prevention programs. Since the inception of the use of USTs, preventing leaks and spillages into the environment have always been a challenge. However, the EPA and other environmental organisations have significantly progressed in their bid to minimise and eventually halt the release of these substances into the environment. Nevertheless, there have been major setbacks encountered by these organisations concerning the operation and maintenance of these tanks. When leakage of USTs occurs, the owners and the operators are required by law to report the matter to the relevant authorities. Thereafter, clean up of the spillage is done before 24 hours elapse. In case of an underground leakage, operators should try as much as possible to minimise the contact between the tank’s contents and the air. This can be achieved by use of sorbents to limit the flow of the chemicals. In addition, an immediate excavation should be done. In some cases, the law mandates a secondary containment in cases of emergencies. The secondary containment is supposed to be used at all times whenever humans’ health is at risk. This containment should be well fabricated to prevent the stored substance from seeping down the water table. Furthermore, consideration of the volume of the containment is necessary. It must be stable enough to hold different pressures from different fluids. However, containments’ specifications vary from state to state and from one local authority to another. To avoid incidences of leaks, owners and operators are required by law to monitor the volume of the stored substances regularly. The volume capacity of the tank should always be greater than the transferring tank’s capacity. In this regard, owners should ensure that their operators comply with the required USTs protocols. All operations on corrosive substances should be maintained to sustain the corrosion caused by the metal components. Similarly, the USTs facilities should be protected by the use of cathode elements. Frequent monitoring by qualified experts in cathode protection is vital. Checkups and test should be carried out in a period of 5 months after installation and every 3 years thereafter. The criterion used by the cathode experts should be appropriate and up to date as per the regulations (Metelski 384). Thereafter, the USTs’ data regarding cathode protection should be stored in records for future reference. Moreover, the owners are supposed to ensure that their UST lining material is appropri ately matched with the storage substance hence avoiding cases of incompatibility (Long 384). In this regard, the repairs and maintenance practices should comply with the USTs protocols. Despite the numerous regulations in place, the minimization of UST leakages still poses a great challenge due to the dangers exposed to the environment. Therefore, we should contribute significantly towards the mitigation of such challenges. In the event of a spillage, the environment should be protected to reduce spillage hazards as stipulated by the law. In this regard, one is expected to put away all the flammable materials like cigarettes. The impacts of a fire outbreak are detrimental and sometimes fatal. For any form of combustible and flammable liquids storage facility chosen, the safety of the stored liquid is a vital consideration. Knowing that the liquids stored are highly flammable, any material capable of causing an ignition should be kept away. Nevertheless, these storage facilities shou ld be continuously upgraded to improve their performance in handling the liquid. The realization of the appropriate storage system is very significant towards the safe handling of the liquid. Moreover, the owners or operators should consider the advantages and risks that they face in handling the liquid. The location and the surrounding condition of the storage facility determine the choice of the storage facility. In this regard, underground storage tanks are viewed as less vulnerable to rampant fire risks than floating roof tanks. Although these storage facilities are the most commonly used, there exist others such as the above-the-ground storage tanks. Each storage tank therefore suits each specific flammable liquid depending on its characteristics. Lastly, any flammable liquid should be kept safely for its utilisation and protection of biodiversity. Long, Bob, and Bob Garner. Guide to storage tanks equipment: the practical  reference book and guide to storage tanks and ancil lary equipment with a  comprehensive buyers guide to worldwide manufacturers and suppliers. Bury St. Edmunds, U.K.: Professional Engineering, 2004. Print. Metelski, John J., and Myra R. Anderson. Managing underground storage tanks. New York, N.Y.: Executive Enterprises Publications Co., 1989. Print. Myers, Philip E.. Aboveground storage tank inspection guide. London: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Print.

CSR strategy and win-win strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CSR strategy and win-win strategy - Essay Example nization that invests in the chemical industry, corporate social responsibility is one of the most important factors that influence customer relationship and hence the profitability of the organization. A critical analysis of the organizational strategy will reveal the CSR strategies that Bayer Pharmaceutical Company has deployed and the way it has impacted on its business development strategies. First, the organization has invested in long term customer relationships by ensuring that customers benefit from quality products that the organization produces. Over time, the organization has invested in production of quality plastic materials as one of the CSR strategies to win customer loyalty. For an organization to win the long term loyalty of its customers, it is crucial for the organization to invest in quality products that serve the needs of the customers more satisfactorily (Crane, Palazzo, Spence & Matten, 2014). For a strong win-win approach, the organization needs to establish a symbiotic relationship in which both the customers and the organization have a mutual benefit. Customers are likely to remain loyal to organizations that satisfy their needs and protect quality. As such, the reason why Bayer Pharmaceutical Company has remained profitable is because they have provided quality products to win the loyalty of their customers. Bayer Pharmaceutical Company has used environmental friendly methods to attract customers to their business organization. A strong Corporate social responsibility strategies ensures that the organizational operation zero negative effects of the other stakeholders including the customers, the government and the environment. Since Bayer Pharmaceutical Company is a chemical based company, it releases a number of harmful chemicals that may have negative effects on the environment. However, the company has put enough efforts to ensure that the organization reduces its disposal of harmful chemicals in the environment. For instance, the

The evolution of the wireless phone network Research Paper

The evolution of the wireless phone network - Research Paper Example Not shockingly, a number of the industries, which are being drastically revolutionized, are those that cope with the human senses, comprising of entertainment, education, advertising, health care and, sadly, warfare. Simply put, technology or telecommunication has changed people’s way, as well as the pace of life (Lee, 2001). Below follows a brief discussion of how inventions in wireless phone network has changed communication. Changes to How We Communicate Instant Messaging (IM) Instant messaging (IM) refers to a form of communication over the Internet, which provides an instantaneous transmission of text messages from a sender to a receiver (Webb, 2008). In push technique between two or more individuals using personal computers or mobile phones, along with internet service providers, instant messaging mainly offers real-time and express written language-based online messaging. Instant messaging has changed the way humans communicate as the technology sends information extrem ely fast (Schiller, 2003). No sooner does the sender send the message than the receiver, receives it. Instant messaging also offers instant relies to messaging creating efficiency in communication (Richard & Smith, 2006). SMS Short Message Service (SMS) refers to a text messaging service with regards to mobile phones or the web. SMSs use standardized communications protocols, which offer the exchange of short text messages between mobile phone devices or fixed lines (Lee, 2001). According to research, SMSs are the most broadly used data application in the globe, with 78% of all mobile phone users or 3.6 billion active subscribers. Also, SMS is being used as a form of direct marketing referred to as SMS marketing. It has fastened the way people communicate through their mobile phones, and also at a relatively cheap cost (Richard & Smith, 2006). Twitter and Facebook Social network sites have substantially changed the way human beings relate, as well as communicate, with one another (R ichard & Smith, 2006). Facebook and Twitter have allowed individuals throughout the globe to be part of one society and be capable of communicating through diverse forms. One way to communicate on Facebook and Twitter is by adding another person (Prasad & Ruggieri, 2007). Once an individual adds another, they both become friends, and this forms new friendships. These days, numerous friendships are created through Facebook and Twitter, and they allow people to communicate constantly. Telecommuting Telecommuting or telework refers to a working arrangement in which workers do not travel to a central place of work. An individual who telecommutes is referred to as a teleworker, telecommuter, or, at times, as a home-sourced worker. A lot of teleworkers work from home whereas others sometimes referred to as nomad employees, use mobile telecommunications skills to work from restaurants or other diverse locations (Lee, 2001). According to a Reuter’s survey, roughly one in five workers all across the globe, particularly workers in Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, telecommute habitually. Also, nearly 10% of all workers work at home in the above mentioned places. For communities, telecommuting offers cheap employment through enhancing the employability of circumstantially marginalized persons like work at home parents and the disabled, caregivers, retirees and people living in rural areas. Telecommuting eases traffic congestion and

EVA Calculation and comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EVA Calculation and comparison - Essay Example The chart below indicates that Walgreens EVA scores have been on the rise in the past three years. CVS' EVA scores have been falling and indicate that CVS needs to examine its resource utilization methods and decide what to do turn its scores around. The goal of any organization is to lower its costs while increasing profitability. There are many methods organizations can use. In the three year window examined (2004, 2005, 2006). Initially Walgreens' total assets were slightly higher than CVS'. Then CVSs were reported as slightly higher than Walgreens. Walgreens consistently outspends CVS for cost of goods sold. The higher the cost of goods sold the lower the profits. But, Walgreens consistently reports 10% on ROA (return on assets). CVS reports between 6.3% and 8% ROA. Walgreens has a bigger share of the market and consistently outperforms CVS. But, the difference is not so big that n any one year CVS could come out on top. The current earnings are so close that a good year could put CVS ahead. Both pharmacies could benefit from strategies to differentiate them in the market and draw in a greater share of the market in pharmacy sales. Walgreens has begun doing so by advertising itself as "your pharmacy" and "there's my pharmacy next to work""there's my pharmacy close to home"(TV commercials). .. Sales $37,006,200 Cash $513,400 N/P $774,200 COGS $27,105,000 A/R $2,080,700 A/P $3,988,900 Gross $9,901,200 Inventory $5,719,800 Accrd Exp $59,500 Prepaids $78,800 SG&A $7,881,700 TTL Cur $8,392,700 TTL Cur $4,822,600 EBIT $2,019,500 PP&E $3,952,600 LTD $1,594,100 Interest $110,500 GoodWill $1,789,900 TTL Liabilities $6,416,700 EBT $1,909,000 intangible $802,200 Other Assets $223,500 Equity $535,500 33.96% Tax $648,300 LTA Charges $122,500 EAT $1,260,700 TTL Assets $15,283,400 TTL Liab & Equity $6,952,200 ROA 8.20% ROE 235.40% Debt $2,368,300 0.8200 0.01 0.82% equity $535,500 0.1800 1.4894 26.81% $2,903,800 27.63% 18.25% EVA -10.05% Table 2 Table 3 31-Dec-03 Assets Liabilities & Equity Sales $26,588,000 Cash $843,200 N/P $3,166,000 COGS $26,588,000 A/R $1,601,700 A/P 0 Gross $26,588,000 Inventory $4,016,500 Accrd Exp $323,200 Prepaids $35,100 SG&A $5,439,400 TTL Cur $6,496,500 TTL Cur $3,489,200 EBIT $1,423,600 PP&E $2,542,100 LTD $1,032,100 Interest $48,100 GoodWill $889,000 TTL Liabilities $4,521,300 EBT $1,375,500 Intangible $403,700 Other Assets $211,800 Equity $207,800 38.40% Tax $528,200 LTA Charges 0 EAT $847,300 TTL Assets $10,543,100 TTL Liab & Equity $4,729,100 ROA 8.00% ROE 407.70% Debt $4,198,100 0.9500 0.010639 1.01% equity $207,800 0.0500 0.3538 1.77% $4,405,900 2.78% 1.71% EVA 6.29% Works Cited: Ecoach. EVA. Retrieved 2007-02-09

Interprofessional And Interagency Working

Interprofessional And Interagency Working This assignment will critically analyse two examples of interprofessional and interagency practice using examples from my current practice placement. Relevant literature will be used to identify what factors support or constrain interprofessional and interagency collaboration (IPIAC). IPIAC is often described as a holistic approach to an individuals needs. When used effectively, a holistic approach allows for better service delivery to the service user. Hammick et al (2009, p.10) states that being interprofessional is learning and working or working and learning with others as appropriate, when necessary and sometimes both. Interagency working concentrates more on the organisational roles and responsibilities of those involved in collaboration (http://www.scie.org.uk). Interprofessional is relationships between individuals and interagency is relationships between organisations. IPIAC was a modernisation agenda introduced in public policy by the New Labour Government. Government recognition suggests that many social problems cannot be effectively addressed by any given organisation acting in isolation from others. That is, when professionals work together effectively they provide a better service to the complex needs of the most vulnerable people in society. New Labour also specified that there was a Berlin Wall type division between agencies and professionals and that there was a barrier to co-operation and this barrier should be confronted so that services worked in partnership with service users. However according to research conducted by Hiscock and Pearson (2002, p.11) several government reports have criticised the lack of coordination between health and social services in the community. So, in essence when professions work collaboratively the service user gets a better deal. Willing participation (Henneman et al, 1995, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.1 9) and a high level of motivation (Molyneux, 2001, cited in Barrett et al, p.19) have been stated as vital aspects of effective IPIAC. My current practice placement is within a voluntary organisation in a domestic abuse service. I am a project worker at a Refuge for women and children who are escaping domestic abuse. My role is to co-link work with permanent Refuge staff and co-ordinate each service users support needs whilst maintaining links with appropriate statutory and voluntary sectors. INTERPROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ONE The first example of IPIAC to be discussed and analysed within my practice placement will be a weekly meeting held between Refuge staff, health visitors and the play-worker from Womens Aid. The aim and purpose of these meetings is to share information so that identified needs of the families in the Refuge can be addressed and where possible be signposted to other services as required. The meetings are designed for professionals to share information and knowledge about the familys lives but not make decisions on their behalf (except where there are child protection issues). The meetings also aim to provide support to families according to assessment of need using professional judgement. Within these meetings everyone discusses and communicates the personal development and progress of the women and children in the Refuge so that all professions involved are kept up to date with the familys circumstances and situation. This supports IPIAC and is effective in that it is a chance for ever yone involved to gain further advice and guidance from other professionals in relation to their current level of involvement with the families. This in turn supports the families and assists them with their future goals and plans. However these meetings could be interpreted to some as secretive as they are held behind closed doors and it is a meeting in which the families are not involved in. This could be construed as an expert power relationship to some (Maclean and Harrison, 2011, p.31). For IPIAC and these meetings to be effective it is vital that all professionals involved support one another and are not be seen as self-interested or see themselves as higher than another profession. This is when problems occur as there is not a logical distribution of power. Unequal power distribution can be oppressive (Payne, 2000, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.23) and can limit participation for some professionals. Power in IPIAC should be shared and distributed and no hierarchy of power should exist. If some professionals see themselves as more powerful than another they are not meeting the needs of the service user. Sharing of information and knowledge about the families in the Refuge is the purpose of these weekly meetings so as to achieve the best possible outcome for the service user. A constraint of IPIAC is that some professionals are territorial and do not like to share information and knowledge. Molyneux (2001, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p20) found that professionals who were confident in their own role were able to work flexibly across professional boundaries without feeling jealous or threatened. Professional adulthood was an expression used by Laidler (1991, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.20) to describe professionals who were confident in their own role to share information and communicate effectively with other professionals. These professionals do not feel territorial about relinquishing their knowledge and understanding to further enhance good IPIAC. Stapleton (1998, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.20) suggests that a combination of personal and professional confidence enables individuals to assert their own perspectives and challenge the viewpoints of others. Active listening is an important skill to maintain in order to achieve effective IPIAC. To be able to recognise and respond to what is being communicated is fundamental. Professionals working collaboratively should be able to demonstrate this verbally and non-verbally to each other. This is greatly helped if all concerned put aside the typical stereotyping of each others professions in order to hear and listen to what is being said. Effective open and honest communication is vital and probably one of the most important aspects of IPIAC. It requires professionals to take into account each others views, be respectful, dignified and to listen to each other without being highly critical of one another. Constructive feedback about the family needs to be undertaken alongside constructive suggestions and encouragement and should take place at a time when other professionals are receptive. However, being receptive to what is being said does not always occur during these meetings. At times, o ne professional does not like what another is conveying and this can create conflict within the professions. However the need here is to remember that it is the service user that is central to the process and that the goal is to achieve the best outcome for them and their family. There are elements within this example that both support and constrain IPIAC. To achieve the goal and not result in a poor outcome for the service user it is important for all professionals involved to communicate honestly and openly and for there to not be a significant power imbalance between the professions. INTERPROFESSIONAL PRACTICE TWO The second example of IPIAC to be discussed and analysed within my practice placement will be a Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC). A member of the Refuge staff attends these meetings on a fortnightly basis. A MARAC meeting is a community response to domestic abuse. Cases are referred to a MARAC by the Refuge as a result of completing a CAADA-DASH risk identification checklist (RIC) (see appendix one) with the victim of the domestic abuse. This checklist determines the victims level of risk/need. If the risk identification score is 14 or more on the RIC, the MARAC threshold for high-risk has been meet and a referral to a MARAC meeting is made. Cases can also be referred to the MARAC either as a result of a high risk domestic crime/incident recorded by the police or by a direct referral from a participating agency. Participating agencies attending the meetings can include representatives of statutory services such as the police, criminal justice, health, child protection, housing practitioners and Independent Domestic Violence Advocates (IDVAs). The purpose of the meetings is for professionals to implement a risk management plan that provides professional support to all those at risk and which reduces the risk of harm. The aim is then to produce a safety plan for each victim of domestic abuse. The MARACs aim is to share information to increase the safety, health and well-being of victims/survivors of domestic abuse. They can determine whether the alleged perpetrator poses a significant risk to any particular individual or to the general community. According to Bowen (2011, chapter 5.) MARAC functions through meetings designed to facilitate multi-agency information sharing, with a view to implementing an agreed-upon risk management and victim safety plan. Effective communication and information sharing supports IPIAC as it can assist to build relationships between agencies across a much broader range. A MARAC with effective communication and information sharing between agencies can also promote IPIAC in developing much stronger relationships between the voluntary and statutory sector. Barrett et el (2008, p.21) states that communication competence contributes to effective interprofessional working and enables those involved to articulate their own perspectives, listen to th e views of others and negotiate outcomes. An effective MARAC meeting which supports IPIAC is when professionals work collaboratively to ensure that victims/survivors and/or their children are safeguarded from further abuse. The governments action plan Call to End All Violence Against Women and Girls states that we all have to work together to achieve our goal of ending violence against women and girls. It is not a task for central government alone. It suggests that agencies need to work together to meet the needs of their local communities and that agencies are held accountable. However, a constraint of a MARAC meeting that I witnessed was that not all professionals brought the appropriate information to the meetings which lead to an inefficiency and delay of the case which frustrated others professionals attending. Poor timekeeping was another avenue that at times would frustrate other professionals attending the meetings. This seemed to alienate them as I would hear comments such as we are all professionals here and should act as such and as professionals attending important meetings like this, we should always strive to be on time. I also found at the MARAC that some agencies only had snippets of information that on their own did not raise any particular concern. It was only when the jigsaw of information was pieced together that the risk factors could begin to be understood. This example shows that when MARAC meetings support and strengthen interagency working and is effective, it is IPIAC at its best. This approach to working more collaboratively is beneficial as all organisations are coming together for the purpose of a common goal, with that goal being the best possible outcome for the service user. However some of the MARAC meetings that I had attended were not always that effective due to the fact that not all key agencies or organisations attended the meetings when required to do so or did not have the appropriate information to hand. It is beneficial that all agencies have as much information to hand as possible to facilitate IPIAC and have a profound positive impact on the outcome for the service user. In conclusion, IPIAC has many elements and all these different elements require that the different professions adopt them so that effective outcomes are achieved for the service user. Although IPIAC has been around for many years and is not new, it still needs to be continued, developed and incorporated into the daily work of all professions. When organisations and professions from different disciplines truly understand each others roles, responsibilities and challenges, the potential of IPIAC could be fully realised and many of the barriers alleviated. This in turn will contribute to a more successful outcome to the service user which of course is central to effective IPIAC. If IPIAC is ineffective it can limit choice for the service user and also increase risk. Word Count: 1966

Boundaries, Symmetry and Continuity in Radcliffes The Mysteries of Udo

Below is a passage from I.2 of Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho concerning the concept of "precepts" in relation to the characters of St. Aubert and his daughter Emily: I have attempted to teach you from your earliest youth, the duty of self- command [†¦] not only as it preserves us from the various and dangerous temptations that call us from rectitude and virtue, but as it limits the indulgences which are termed virtuous, yet which, extended beyond a certain boundary are vicious†¦All excess is vicious; even that sorrow, which is amiable in its origin, becomes a selfish and unjust passion, if indulged at the expense of our duties. [†¦] The indulgence of excessive grief enervates the mind, and almost incapacitates it for again partaking of those various innocent enjoyments which a benevolent God designed to be the sun-shine of our lives. My dear Emily, recollect and practice the precepts I have so often given you [†¦]. (20) The kinds of "precepts" instilled by St. Aubert are those that enjoin such "virtues" as moderation, simplicity, circumspection, and respect (5). Throughout the above passage and in her initial chapter, Radcliffe is establishing several binaries through which the novel as a whole can be mapped, and retirement in the country versus involvement in "the world" (1, 4), economy versus dissipation (2), simplicity versus exaggeration, serenity with congeniality versus tumult with incongruity (4), happiness and misery (4-5), affection versus ambition (11), health versus disease (physical and emotional [8, 18]), and life versus death, are only a few ways in which to articulate them. However, in the end, one binary can serve to organize the many: symmetry versus deformity. And it is in apprehending the logic of h... ...s dissatisfied with is the extent of Quesnel's "improvements," for the enlargemenmt of which Quesnel boasts is characterized by excess. (It is to be noted that, when improving his own house, St. Aubert adapted his enlargements "to the style of the old one" [2]). Thus, as an exploration of the importance of boundaries, and of the symmetry and continuity that those boundaries give, Radcliffe's novel enters into the discourse of its decade. Works Cited Burke, Edmund. "Proportion Further Considered". A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1909-1917 (New York: Bartleby.com, 2001). http://www.bartleby.com/24/2/305.html Lewis, C. S. The Discarded Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967. Radcliffe, Anne. The Mysteries of Udolpho. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Monologues

Joanna’s Monologue from Kramer vs. Kramer Look, during the last five years of our marriage, I was scared and I was very unhappy. And in my mind I had no other choice but to leave. At the time I left I felt that there was something terribly wrong with me. And that my son would be better off without me. I know I left my son. I know that that’s a terrible thing to do. Believe me I have to live with that every day of my life. But in order to leave him, I had to believe that it was the only thing I could do.And that it was the best thing for him. However, I have since gotten some help, and I have worked very, very hard to become a whole human being. And I don’t think I should be punished. Billy’s only seven years old. He needs me. I’m not saying he doesn’t need his father, but I really believe he needs me more. I was his mommy for five and a half years. And Ted took over that role for eighteen months. But I don’t know how anyone can possibl y believe that I have less of a stake in mothering that little boy than Mr.Kramer does. I’m his mother. I’m his mother. JANICE  by Susan Pomerance Janice is awakened to the fact that the boy next door is no longer just the boy next door. How in the world could you ever predict something like this? It's†¦ I mean, you're so close. We've been neighbors forever, since we were little kids. Playing together, messing around and stuff. I've always thought of Ralph Merriweather as this little playmate next door, you know?This goofy kid with unruly hair and a squeaky voice and acne. How was I to know I'd fall for Ralph Merriweather? Things change, you know? One day here's this skinny, uncoordinated guy with a big Adam's apple and then, all of a sudden, you turn around and he's super-neat. One day he's a dork, the next, a hunk. It happened last night when we went over to the Merriweather's for the holidays like we have since I can remember. Of course, there was mistletoe. And Ralph grabs me and kisses me, and – wow!All of a sudden like he's not just the little dork next door anymore. He's like this familiar stranger who turns me on. Amazing. After all these years. And now everything is turned upside down. Now I find him handsome and sexy and very interesting. Why, when we were little, we used to take baths together and I never ever once thought about looking below the water line. I was more interested in his plastic duck. http://iws. punahou. edu/department/theatre/curriculum/monologues/female/janice. html

Free Essays on Mental Illness In Adolescents

In this essay, I will explore areas of adolescent depression including contributing factors and treatments. I feel that this is an important area of study because suicide rates are higher among adolescents. If more emphasis is placed upon the study of the factors and treatments of adolescent depression, many lives could be saved. Emotional Resilience: Risk and Protective Factors for Depression Among Alternative Education Students in New Zealand. This Empirical Study focuses on the contributing factors and influences on incidences of depression among alternative education students and seeks to explain why some students with high risk factors do not develop depressive disorders while others do. Until this article, research focusing on contributing factors of mood disorders have not pinpointed factors which specifically cause these disorders. This article seeks to further examine those rare instances where the student perseveres against the odds and does not develop a mood disorder by building on previous research which have identified protective factors which promote these favorable outcomes. By identifying both the risk factors and protective factors, strategies can be created to improve mental health outcomes. Methods and Results: For this study, a sample of students was gathered from alternative education high schools in the northern region of North Island in New Zealand which combines rural and urban populations. The students in alternative education programs may have behavioral problems, repeat expulsions, pregnancy or childcare issues which prevent them from attending mainstream high schools. Each student in the study was issued a survey which was pre-tested on a sample of diverse students and amended prior to its use in this study. Student surveys were excluded if the students had answered too few questions or had been inconsistent in their answers. Findings: Alternative education students reported high levels of po... Free Essays on Mental Illness In Adolescents Free Essays on Mental Illness In Adolescents In this essay, I will explore areas of adolescent depression including contributing factors and treatments. I feel that this is an important area of study because suicide rates are higher among adolescents. If more emphasis is placed upon the study of the factors and treatments of adolescent depression, many lives could be saved. Emotional Resilience: Risk and Protective Factors for Depression Among Alternative Education Students in New Zealand. This Empirical Study focuses on the contributing factors and influences on incidences of depression among alternative education students and seeks to explain why some students with high risk factors do not develop depressive disorders while others do. Until this article, research focusing on contributing factors of mood disorders have not pinpointed factors which specifically cause these disorders. This article seeks to further examine those rare instances where the student perseveres against the odds and does not develop a mood disorder by building on previous research which have identified protective factors which promote these favorable outcomes. By identifying both the risk factors and protective factors, strategies can be created to improve mental health outcomes. Methods and Results: For this study, a sample of students was gathered from alternative education high schools in the northern region of North Island in New Zealand which combines rural and urban populations. The students in alternative education programs may have behavioral problems, repeat expulsions, pregnancy or childcare issues which prevent them from attending mainstream high schools. Each student in the study was issued a survey which was pre-tested on a sample of diverse students and amended prior to its use in this study. Student surveys were excluded if the students had answered too few questions or had been inconsistent in their answers. Findings: Alternative education students reported high levels of po...

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat Meat and other animal products are a serious environmental issue, leading the Atlantic chapter of the Sierra Club to call animal products, a Hummer on a plate. However, free-range, organic, or local meats are not the solution. Free-Range, Cage-Free, Pasture-Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Factory farmers are not animal-hating sadists who confine the animals for fun. Factory farming started because scientists in the 1960s were looking for a way to meet the meat demands of an exploding human population. The only way the U.S. can feed animal products to hundreds of millions of people is to grow grain as an intense monoculture, turn that grain into animal feed, and then give that feed to intensively confined animals. There isn’t enough available land on earth to raise all livestock free-range or cage-free. The United Nations reports that livestock now use 30 percent of the earth’s entire land surface, mostly permanent pasture but also including 33 percent of the global arable land used to produce feed for livestock. Free-range, pasture-fed animals would require even more land on which to feed. They require even more food and water than factory farmed animals, because they are exercising more. To meet the increasing demand for grass-fed beef, South American rainforests are being cleared to produce more pasture for organic, grass-fed beef to be exported. Only 3 percent of the beef produced in the U.S. is grass-fed, and already, thousands of wild horses are displaced by this relatively small number of cattle. The U.S. alone has 94.5 million beef cattle. One farmer estimates that it takes 2.5 to 35 acres of pasture, depending on the quality of the pasture, to raise a grass-fed cow. Using the more conservative figure of 2.5 acres of pasture, this means we need approximately 250 million acres to create grazing pastures for every cow in the U.S. Thats over 390,000 square miles, which is more than 10 percent of all the land in the U.S. Organic Meat Raising animals organically does not reduce the amount of food or water required to produce meat, and the animals will produce just as much waste. Under the National Organic Program administered by the USDA, organic certification for animal products has certain minimum care requirements under 7 C.F.R. 205, such as access to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, fresh air, and direct sunlight (7 C.F.R. 205.239). Manure must also be managed in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, heavy metals, or pathogenic organisms and optimizes recycling of nutrients (7. C.F.R. 205.203) Organic livestock must also be fed organically produced feed and cannot be given growth hormones (7 C.F.R. 205.237). While organic meat does offer some environmental and health benefits over factory farming in terms of residue, waste management, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, the livestock do not consume less resources or produce less manure. Animals raised organically are still slaughtered, and organic meat is just as wasteful, if not more wasteful, than factory farmed meat. Local Meat We hear that one way to be eco-friendly is to eat locally, to reduce the amount of resources required to deliver food to our table. Locavores strive to build their diet around food produced within a certain distance from their home. While eating locally might reduce your impact on the environment, the reduction is not as great as some might believe and other factors are more important. According to CNN, an Oxfam report titled, Fair Miles - Recharting the Food Miles Map, found that the way in which food is produced is more important than how far that food is transported. The amount of energy, fertilizer, and other resources used on the farm may have more environmental significance than the transportation of the final product. Food miles are not always a good yardstick. Buying from a small, local conventional farm may have a greater carbon footprint than buying from a large, organic farm thousands of miles away. Organic or not, the larger farm also has the economy of scale on its side. And as a 2008 article in The Guardian points out, buying fresh produce from halfway around the world has a lower carbon footprint than buying local apples out of season that have been in cold storage for ten months. In The Locavore Myth, James E. McWilliams writes: One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw away most of their leftovers... The average American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Give up red meat once a week and youll save as much energy as if the only food miles in your diet were the distance to the nearest truck farmer. If you want to make a statement, ride your bike to the farmers market. If you want to reduce greenhouse gases, become a vegetarian. While buying locally produced meat will reduce the amount of fuel needed to transport your food, it does not change the fact that animal agriculture requires an inordinate amount of resources and produces a great deal of waste and pollution. Tara Garnett of the Food Climate Research Network stated: There is only one way of being sure that you cut down on your carbon emissions when buying food: stop eating meat, milk, butter and cheese... These come from ruminants- sheep and cattle- that produce a great deal of harmful methane. In other words, it is not the source of the food that matters but the kind of food you eat. All things being equal, eating locally is better than eating food that has to be transported thousands of miles, but the environmental advantages of locavorism pale in comparison with those of going vegan. Lastly, one can choose to be an organic, vegan locavore to reap the environmental benefits of all three concepts. They are not mutually exclusive.

Managing capability of Ford Motor Company Coursework - 1

Managing capability of Ford Motor Company - Coursework Example The paper tells that capabilities of an organization can be segregated into two deliverables including threshold capabilities and capabilities for gaining competitive advantage. These capabilities are driven by tangible and intangible resources that constitute of threshold and unique resources. Moreover, competencies are also a critical aspect of capabilities which entail core and threshold competencies. A complete amalgamation of these aspects and a well-organized organizational outlook can facilitate companies to manage capability for gaining the sustainable competitive advantage. Ford Motor Company has emerged as one of the major sustainable companies in the automobile industry which make utmost use of its resources and capabilities to derive competitive advantages. The company has focused on providing exceptional values to its customers all over the world. It has a unique combination of power and technology that makes its every vehicle a special one. A few of the very well known brands of Ford are Fiesta, Focus, and Fusion. Mobility Muse started Ford Motor Company in the year of 1903 with the investment of US$28,000. It used to manufacture classic elegant vehicles but now with the advancement of technology and in keeping with evolving trends, it is presently manufacturing high-tech business class vehicles. It also helps newer drivers all over the world to become safer drivers. In terms of its distinct capabilities, from the handling of vehicles to the elegant exterior finish and superior luxury interior, in every single aspect, Ford has been mostly able to meet the expectations of the national as well as global markets. It also manufactures trucks and utility vehicles. It always focuses to create a strong business periphery to serve the world better. In this endeavor, it has been taking initiatives for the betterment of the society by way of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

Korean Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Korean Art - Essay Example The painting largely uses the primary color red. Blue is also used but not as much as red. The most prominent secondary color is green. White and brown define the colors of the subjects’ skin and the collars of their clothes. In general, the colors form an attractive combination that perhaps reflects the cultural background of the painter or the subjects. With the many images of different sizes and shapes, there are different lines used in the painting. Thick brush strokes were used to show the prominent parts of the image. For instance, the backrest of the chairs of Indra and Brahma are painted with thick brush strokes detailing the images forming curved lines. There are also lines not so heavily thickened like the brushstrokes on the clothes of the images which give the design and folds. Thin lines are used to define more detailed parts of the images such as the edges of images. For instance, the designs of the headdresses are given more details through the use of thin lines . With the various images portrayed in the painting, it has been necessary to use not only different thickness of lines but also different shaped lines such as curve, diagonal, horizontal, vertical and straight. The swords held by the guardians are some examples that show the aforementioned differences in direction and form of lines. Moreover, there are also different shapes and forms used in the painting. The shapes like the blue decorations used in the background have indefinite shapes but they are closed figures that are used for some purpose by the painter. Other forms are shown in the headdresses and the heads of some of the subjects. The painting is two-dimensional, laid on a flat canvass that it has features similar to a photograph. The subjects facing the... With the many images of different sizes and shapes, there are different lines used in the painting. Thick brush strokes were used to show the prominent parts of the image. For instance, the backrest of the chairs of Indra and Brahma are painted with thick brush strokes detailing the images forming curved lines. There are also lines not so heavily thickened like the brushstrokes on the clothes of the images which give the design and folds. Thin lines are used to define more detailed parts of the images such as the edges of images. For instance, the designs of the headdresses are given more details through the use of thin lines. With the various images portrayed in the painting, it has been necessary to use not only different thickness of lines but also different shaped lines such as curve, diagonal, horizontal, vertical and straight. The swords held by the guardians are some examples that show the aforementioned differences in direction and form of lines.Moreover, there are also diffe rent shapes and forms used in the painting. The shapes like the blue decorations used in the background have indefinite shapes but they are closed figures that are used for some purpose by the painter. Other forms are shown in the headdresses and the heads of some of the subjects. The painting is two-dimensional, laid on a flat canvass that it has features similar to a photograph. The subjects facing the viewer straight forward have a seemingly photographic effect that shows two dimensions. However, there are also three dimensional figures.